Center for Biomarkers in Imaging

CATALOG OF BIOMARKERS BY BIOMARKER*

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Biomarker Disease / Medical condition Imaging Technique Investigators Comments Disease Category

18 F-fluorodeoxy-glucose

Pancreatic carcinoma

PET

Fischman AJ

 

Oncology / Neoplasm Gastrointestinal

99mTc labeled monoclonal antibody Colorectal carcinoma SPECT Fischman AJ Phase III clinical trial with HumaSPECT-Tc

Oncology / Neoplasm Gastrointestinal
Abnormal lymphatic uptake of tracer Lymphatic extension of pelvic malignancy (gynecological oncology) MRI Hahn PF
Harisinghani M
Mueller PR
Saini S
Weissleder R

MR Lymphangio-graphy using ultrasmall superpara-magnetic iron oxide Oncology / Neoplasm Inflammatory
ACCD activation (anterior cingulate cortex division) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fMRI
PET
Bush G
Fischman A
Rosen B

 
Neurological
Acinar cell receptor binding Pancreatic function MRI Brady TJ Shen TT Weissleder R Secretin monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION)

Endocrine Metabolic Gastrointestinal
Acute bronchial dilatation Wall thickening Respiratory syncytial virus CT McLoud TC
Shepard J


 
Infectious disease
Altered vascular and tissue permeability Asphyxia CT Gonzalez RG
Grant E

 
Neurological
Anatomic disruption of arterial wall Aortic dissection US
CT
MRI
Angiography

Gonzalez R
Waltman A

 
Cardiology / Vascular
Anatomic disruption of arterial wall Carotid dissection US CT / CTA MRI / MRA Angiography Gonzalez R
Waltman A


 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Anatomic disruption of arterial wall Intracranial arterial dissection CTA MRA Angiography Gonzalez R
Lev MH
Waltman A

 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Aneurysmal wall thickness Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) CT Brady T
Saini S
Waltman A

 
Inflammatory Cardiology / Vascular
Angiogenesis Breast neoplasm US O'Neill MJ Microbubble contrast agents

Oncology / Neoplasm
Anterior cingulate size and thickness Alzheimer's disease MRI Hyman B Can distinguish normal from mild AD with 93% accuracy

Neurological Metabolic
Anti-tumor antibody Neoplasm / primary and secondary Optical Ntziachristos V Weissleder R

Targeted Fluorochromes Oncology / Neoplasm
Apoptosis Caspase-1 Caspase-3 Neoplasm / primary and secondary Optical Ntziachristos V Weissleder R

Active, stable Fluorochromes Oncology / Neoplasm
Apoptosis Phosphatidylserine Neoplasm / primary and secondary Optical Ntziachristos V Weissleder R

Active, stable Fluorochromes Oncology / Neoplasm
Apparent diffusion constant (ADC) Stroke Diffusion weighted imaging fMRI MRI (morphometry) Kennedy D
Lo E
Rosen B

 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Apparent diffusion constant (ADC) Neurodegenerative disorders fMRI MRI / diffusion weighted imaging Jenkins BG
Kennedy D
Rosas HD
Rosen B

 
Neurological
Arterial calcification Atherosclerosis / central CT Brady T
 
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
Arterial calcification Arteriosclerosis / peripheral CT Brady T
 
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
Arterial calcification Coronary artery disease CT Brady T
 
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
Articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness Cartilage abnormalities MRI Palmer WE MR using fat-suppressed SPGR images

Musculoskeletal
Articular cartilage thickness Arthritis / inflammatory Plain radiographs MRI Palmer W
Rosenthal DI


 
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Articular cartilage thickness Arthritis / rheumatoid Plain radiographs MRI Palmer W Rosenthal DI

 
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Articular cartilage thickness Osteoarthritis Plain radiographs MRI Palmer W Rosenthal DI

 
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Articular cartilage volume Joint injury / hip and knee Co-planar MRI Palmer WE
Rosenberg AE
Rosenthal DI

MR using fat-saturated 3D spoiled gradient-echo images (SPGR)

Musculoskeletal
Articular labrum fraying SLAP lesions of the shoulder MR arthrography Bencardino JT
Palmer WE

 
Musculoskeletal
Atherosclerotic plaque temperature Vulnerable plaque Thermography Brady T
Lev M
Waltman A

 
Neurological Cardiology/ Vascular Inflammatory
Basal ganglia / putamen volume

Huntington's disease MRI Harris G  
Neurological
Bicep anchor avulsion SLAP lesions of the shoulder MR arthrography Bencardino JT
Palmer WE

 
Musculoskeletal
Biliary ductal dilatation Biliary obstruction US CT MRI Hahn P
Mueller P

 
Gastrointestinal
Biliary ductal dilatation Biliary parasitic disease US CT MRI Hahn P
Mueller P
O'Neill MJ

 
Gastrointestinal Infectious disease
Biliary ductal dilatation Cholangitis MRI Prasad S
Sahani D

MR cholangio-pancreatography Gastrointestinal Infectious disease Inflammatory

Biliary ductal dilatation Choledo-cholithiasis US CT MRI Hahn PF
O'Neill MJ
Mueller P

 
Endocrine Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Metabolic

Blood oxygen level depletion Neurodegenerative disorders fMRI MRI / diffusion weighted imaging Jenkins BG
Kennedy D
Rosas HD
Rosen B

 
Neurological
Blood oxygen level depletion (BOLD)

Dementia fMRI Rosen B  
Neurological
Blood-tumor barrier permeability (BTP) Glioma MRI fMRI Gonzalez RG
Kwong KK
Sorensen AG
Weissleder R

 
Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Body fat composition AIDS wasting syndrome CT Rosenthal DI  
Endocrine Metabolic Musculoskeletal Infectious disease Gastrointestinal

Body fat composition Obesity Quantitative CT MRI US Rosenthal DI  
Endocrine Metabolic Musculoskeletal Gastrointestinal

Bone fill score and penetration depth Bone fracture / healing and distraction osteogenesis wounds US O'Neill MJ Animal study Bone healing assessed by increased fill and decreased penetration depth

Musculoskeletal Metabolic
Bone mineral density Osteopenia Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) CT

Rosenthal DI Must establish bone strength as well as density Endocrine Metabolic Musculoskeletal
Bone mineral density Osteoporosis Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) CT

Rosenthal DI Must establish bone strength as well as density Endocrine Metabolic Musculoskeletal
Bowel wall differentiation Crohn's disease MR enteroclysis Hahn P Use of experimental oral contrast Kaolin, locus bean gum, methylcellulose + Barium

Gastrointestinal Inflammatory
Bowel wall thickening Inflammatory bowl disease (IBD)

MRI Hahn P Tissue FISP pulse sequence Gastrointestinal Inflammatory
Cartilage thickness Osteoarthritis Intra-articular Optical coherence topography

Palmer WE  
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Cathepsin D Neoplasm / primary and secondary Optical Ntziachristos V Weissleder R

Active, stable Fluorochromes Oncology / Neoplasm
Caudate lobe enlargement Cirrhosis MRI CT Hahn PF Sahani D Discrimination of alcohol from virus-induced cirrhosis

Gastrointestinal Infectious disease Inflammatory
Cerebral blood flow Alzheimer's disease Perfusion weighted imaging / Arterial spin labeling

Hoge R  
Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Alzheimer's disease Optical Boas D Dunn A Combining of multi-wavelength and laser speckle contrast imaging

Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood flow (CBF ) Brain function MRI fMRI PET Belliveau
Kwong K
Rosen BR

Response to stimuli Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Brain development Optical Imaging Boas D
Dunn A
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI)

Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) CNS neoplasm / primary and secondary, presence and viability

Optical Boas D
Dunn A
Diffuse optical imagine (DOI) Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Dementia MRI / arterial spin labeling

Hoge R  
Neurological
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Epilepsy MRI / arterial spin labeling

Hoge R
Kwong KK
 
Neurological
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Migraine Laser speckle contrast imaging Diffuse optical topography

Boas D
Bolay
Dunn A
 
Neurological
Cerebral Blood flow (CBF) Stroke Optical imaging Boas D
Dunn A
Lo E


 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Schizophrenia PET Alpert N
Fischman A
Heckers S
Rauch SL
Schaefer P

Regional activation during cognitive paradigms Neurological
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Parkinson’s disease MRI / Arterial spin labeling

Hoge R  
Neurological
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Glioma MRI
fMRI
Gonzalez RG
Sorensen AG
Rosen B

 
Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Migraine Diffusion / perfusion weighted imaging fMRI Grant E
Schaefer P
Sorensen AG
Rosen BR

 
Neurological
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Alzheimer's disease SPECT fMRI Harris G
Gonzalez RG
Sorensen AG

 
Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Stroke MRI (combined Arterial spin labeling and Dynamic susceptibility contrast) CAPTIVE

Harris G
Hoge R
Ostergaard L
Rosen B
Sorensen AG
Wald LL

MTT helps to stratify patients in clinical trials MR perfusion territory imaging Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Stroke / ischemic CAPTIVE MRI Bogdanov A
Jenkins B
Kwong K
Weissleder R

 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Brain function / drugs of abuse fMRI Jenkins B
Kosofsky B
Mandeville JB
Rosen B

Response to stimuli Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Stroke MRI (combined Arterial spin labeling and Dynamic susceptibility contrast) CAPTIVE Harris G
Hoge R
Ostergaard L
Rosen B
Sorensen AG
Wald LL

MTT helps to stratify patients in clinical trials MR perfusion territory imaging Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Glioma MRI fMRI Gonzalez RG
Sorensen AG
Rosen B

 
Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Alzheimer's disease SPECT fMRI Harris G
Gonzalez RG
Sorensen AG

 
Neurological Metabolic
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Parkinson’s disease MRI / Arterial spin labeling Hoge R
 
Neurological
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Migraine Diffusion / perfusion weighted imaging fMRI Grant E
Schaefer P
Sorensen AG
Rosen BR

 
Neurological
Change in local tissue density or contrast enhancement Neoplasm / primary and secondary CT MRI Palmer WE Rosenthal DI Mutlicenter Trail with 367 patients - CT and MRI equally reliable for diagnosis

Musculoskeletal Oncology / Neoplasm
Chemotactic peptide uptake Pancreatitis SPECT Fischman AJ Via 99mTc labeled peptide analog Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Metabolic Infectious disease Endocrine

Choline CNS AIDS / neuroinflammation neurodegeneration MRS Gonzalez R
Schaefer P
Schwamm LH

 
Neurological
Choline Hepatic encephalopathy MRS Grant E
Jenkins BG
Schaefer P

 
Neurological
Choline CNS neoplasm / primary and secondary MRS Gonzalez R
Husiman TA
Sorensen AG

Metabolism, tumor viability and response to therapy Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Choline / sodium (NA) ratio Creatine / sodium (NA) ratio

Multiple sclerosis MRS Jenkins B
Gonzalez RG

 
Neurological Inflammatory
Choline : creatine ratio Huntington's disease MRS Jenkins BG
Rosen B

 
Neurological
CMRO2 Stroke fMRI Diffuse optical topography (Near infrared spectroscopy) Boas D
Mandeville JB
Strangman G

NIRS agrees well with fMRI, useful in longitudinal studies Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Comparative brainstem analysis Multiple sclerosis MRI Jenkins B
Rosen BR
Stufflebeam SM

 
Neurological Inflammatory
Contrast enhanced tissue characterization Pancreatic mass MRI cholangio -pancreatography Prasad S
Sahani D
Saini S

 
Oncology / Neoplasm Gastrointestinal
Cortical thickness Schizophrenia MRI (morphometry) Fischl B
Harris G
Kennedy D
Kuperberg G

 
Neurological
Cortical activation during provoked conditions Obsessive compulsive disorder fMRI PET SPECT Fischman A
Rauch SL
Rosen BR


 
Neurological
Cortical activation during sensorimotor tasks

Stroke / recovery fMRI Schaechter J Rosen BR
 
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Cortical activity Pain fMRI PET SPECT MEG Fischman A
Halgren E
Rosen B
Sorensen AG
Stuffelbeam SM

 
Neurological Musculoskeletal
Cortical dysplasia Epilepsy MRI / MEG fMRI Dale A
Grant E
Mandeville J
Rosen B
Stufflebeam SM
Wald LL

 
Neurological
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) Migraine Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI Hadjikhani N
Rosen BR
Sorensen AG

Signal changes measured during visual aura Neurological
Cortical surface disruption Bone fracture Plain radiographs Palmer W Rosenthal DI

 
Musculoskeletal
Cortical thickness Huntington's disease fMRI MRI morphometry Dale A
Fischl B
Harris G
Kennedy D
Rosas D

 
Neurological
Cortical thickness Multiple sclerosis fMRI
MRI
morphometry

Fischl B
Kuperberg G

 
Neurological Inflammatory
Cortical thickness Obsessive compulsive disorder

MRI (morphometry) Kennedy D  
Neurological
Cortical thickness and asymmetry Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

MRI (morphometry) Kennedy D  
Neurological
Cortical thickness, volume and location Brain development / -anencephaly -microcephaly -holoprosencephaly

MRI morphometry fMRI Caviness VS
Dale A
Fischl B
Kennedy D

 
Neurological
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Intra-abdominal abscess US CT MRI Mueller P  
Gastrointestinal Genitourinary Infectious disease

Cyst composition / tissue characterization Arthritis / septic PET Palmer W Rosenthal DI  
Infectious disease Musculoskeletal Inflammatory

Cyst composition / tissue characterization Fibrocystic change US
CT
MRI

Kopans DB  
Oncology / Neoplasm
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Ganglion cyst US
CT
MRI

Rosenthal DI  
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Renal neoplasm / primary and secondary US
CT
MRI

Mueller PR  
Oncology / Neoplasm Genitourinary
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Synovial cell sarcoma US
CT
MRI

Rosenthal DI  
Oncology / Neoplasm Musculoskeletal
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Soft tissue inflammation Simple renal cysts US
CT
MRI

Mueller PR  
Oncology / Neoplasm Genitourinary
Cystic architecture / tissue characterization Synovial cyst US
CT
MRI

Palmer W Rosenthal DI  
Musculoskeletal
Cystic nodal metastases Thyroid carcinoma US Hahn PF
Harisinghani M
Mueller PR
O'Neill MJ

 
Oncology / Neoplasm Endocrine
Decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) Multiple sclerosis MRS Jenkins B Gonzalez RG


 
Neurological Inflammatory
Decreased regional blood flow Renal disease PET Alpert NM Fischman AJ

 
Metabolic Endocrine
Degree of circumferential vessel involvement Pancreatic adrenal carcinoma Multidetector CT angiography (MDCT) / CTA Boland GW
Mueller PR
Saini S

 
Oncology / Neoplasm Gastrointestinal
Diffuse cerebral edema with thalamic +/- cerebellar hypo-attenuation

Cerebral malaria CT Gonzalez RG  
Neurological Infectious disease
Diffuse cerebral edema with thalamic +/- cerebellar hypo-attenuation Infectious disease / cerebral malaria CT Gonzalez RG
 
Neurological Infectious disease
Directed molecular probes HIV MRI
PET
Optical

Weissleder R


 
Infectious disease
Directed molecular probes Huntington's disease MRI
PET
Optical

Fischman A Weissleder R   Neurological
Directed molecular probes Neoplasm / primary and secondary MRI
PET
Optical

Fischman AJ Hunter GJ Weissleder R   Oncology / Neoplasm
Directed molecular probes Parkinson’s disease PET
Optical

Weissleder R   Neurological
Directed molecular probes Alzheimer's disease PET SPECT Optical Fischman A Weissleder R Animal modeling Optical with exogenous contrast agents

Neurological Metabolic
Directed molecular probes for beta cell mass Diabetes MRI Moore A
Bogdanov AJ
Weissleder R

 
Metabolic Endocrine
Distribution and leakage of intra-articular administered contrast media

Rotator cuff injury MR arthrography Palmer WE Distinguishes full from partial thickness tears Musculoskeletal
Dopa decarboxylase activity

Dyskinesia (PNKD) PET Fischman A  
Neurological Musculoskeletal
Dopamine binding potential Parkinson’s disease SPECT (using I-123 altropane) Fischman A
Halpern E
Sahani D

 
Neurological
Dopamine transporter (DAT) density Parkinson’s disease SPECT (using I-123 altropane) Fischman A
Halpern E
Sahani D

 
Neurological
Dopamine transporter density Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

SPECT Fischman A Rauch SL  
Neurological
Dopaminergic neurotransmitter activity Parkinson’s disease fMRI PET Fishman A
Livni E
Rosen B

Pet using 11C-CRT Neurological
Ductal dilatation Cholangitis MRI Prasad S Sahani D MR cholangio- pancreatography Gastrointestinal Infectious disease Inflammatory

Ductal irregularity or obstruction Pancreatitis MRI Prasad S Sahani D Saini S Visualized by MR cholanio-pancreatography (MRCP)

Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Metabolic Infectious disease Endocrine
Early diffusion changes Asphyxia Diffusion weighted imaging Grant E
Schaefer P
Sorensen AG

 
Neurological
Edema / change in signal intensity and apparent diffusion constant

Trauma MRI Diffusion weighted imaging Palmer W Rosenthal DI  
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Embolism volume Pulmonary embolism MRI Weissleder R Via monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION)

Cardiology / Vascular
Entorhinal cortex Alzheimer's disease MRI Hyman B Can distinguish normal from mild AD with 93% accuracy

Neurological Metabolic
Enzymatic activity Neoplasm / primary and secondary

Optical Weissleder R Rodent model Oncology / Neoplasm
Fibrillations Osteoarthritis Intra-articular Optical coherence topography

Palmer WE  
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Fibrosis Osteoarthritis Intra-articular Optical coherence topography

Palmer WE  
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
Fibrous cap thickness Vulnerable plaque Optical coherence topography Weissleder R  
Neurological Cardiology / Vascular Inflammatory

Flow heterogeneity (FH) Stroke MRI (combined Arterial spin labeling and Dynamic susceptibility contrast) CAPTIVE

Harris G
Hoge R
Ostergaard L
Rosen B
Sorensen AG
Wald LL

MTT helps to stratify patients in clinical trials MR perfusion territory imaging Neurological Cardiology / Vascular
Fluorescent proteins / exogenous Neoplasm / primary and secondary Macroscopic fluorescence reflective imagine (FRI) Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT)

Ntziachristos V Weissleder R Green fluorescence proteins (GFPs) Ds Red Hc Red Oncology / Neoplasm
Focal atrophy Brain injury / toxicity and trauma MRI Caviness VS
Kennedy D


 
Neurological
Focal brain uptake CNS AIDS / fungal and opportunistic infections

PET SPECT Fischman A  
Neurological
Folate receptor Neoplasm / primary and secondary Optical Ntziachristos V Weissleder R

Targeted Fluorochromes Oncology / Neoplasm
Frontal language area Autism MRI Caviness VS
Harris G
Kennedy D

Reversal of morphometric asymmetry in frontal language area

Neurological
Frontal language area Autism fMRI Harris G Abnormal fMRI activation of frontal language areas during semantic language tasks

Neurological
Gallbladder wall thickening Cholecystitis US
CT
MRI
Hahn P
Mueller P
O'Neill MJ
 
Endocrine Inflammatory Infectious disease Gastrointestinal

Gallstones Cholelithiasis US
CT
MRI
Hahn P
Mueller P
O'Neill MJ
 
Endocrine Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Metabolic

Gallstones Cholecystitis US
CT
MRI
Hahn P
Mueller P
O'Neill MJ
 
Endocrine Inflammatory Infectious disease Gastrointestinal

Glucose Hepatic encephalopathy MRS Grant E
Jenkins BG
Schaefer P

 
Neurological
Glucose metabolism Breast neoplasm PET Alpert NM
Choi NC
Fischman AJ

 
Oncology / Neoplasm
Glucose metabolism Head and neck neoplasm / primary and secondary PET Alpert N
Choi N
Fischman A

Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications Neurological Oncology / Neoplasm
Glucose metabolism Hepatic neoplasm / primary and secondary PET Fischman AJ Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications

Oncology / Neoplasm Gastrointestinal
Glucose metabolism Lung neoplasm / non small cell carcinoma PET Choi NC
Fischman AJ
Weissleder R
Pilot trial in NSCLC showed good inverse correlation between MR post radiation and outcomes

Oncology / Neoplasm
Glucose metabolism Osseous neoplasm / primary and secondary

PET Fischman AJ  
Oncology / Neoplasm Musculoskeletal
Glucose metabolism Ovarian neoplasm / presence and viability PET Fischman AJ Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications

Oncology / Neoplasm Genitourinary
Glucose metabolism Pulmonary neoplasm / presence and viability PET Fischman AJ Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications

Oncology / Neoplasm
Glucose metabolism Renal neoplasm / primary and secondary PET Fischman AJ  
Oncology / Neoplasm Genitourinary

Glucose metabolism Soft tissue neoplasm / primary and secondary PET Fischman AJ Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications

Oncology / Neoplasm Musculoskeletal
Glucose metabolism CNS neoplasm / primary and secondary, presence and viability PET Alpert N