| Disease / Medical condition |
Biomarker |
Imaging Technique |
Investigators |
Comments |
Disease Category |
AIDS wasting syndrome |
Body fat composition |
CT |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Infectious disease
Gastrointestinal
|
| AIDS wasting syndrome / lipodystrophy |
Increased abdominal visceral fat associated with decreased bone mineral density |
Quantitative CT Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Infectious disease
Gastrointestinal
|
| Allergic drug reaction |
Increased pulmonary interstitial markings |
CT |
McLoud TC
Shepard J
|
|
Endocrine
Metabolic
Inflammatory |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Cerebral blood flow |
Perfusion weighted imaging / Arterial spin labeling |
Hoge R |
|
Neurological
Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) Cerebral blood volume (CBV) Mean transit time (MTT)
|
SPECT fMRI |
Harris G
Gonzalez RG
Sorensen AG
|
|
Neurological
Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Directed molecular probes |
PET SPECT Optical |
Fischman A Weissleder R |
Animal modeling Optical with exogenous contrast agents
|
Neurological
Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Entorhinal cortex Anterior cingulate size and thickness |
MRI |
Hyman B |
Can distinguish normal from mild AD with 93% accuracy
|
Neurological
Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Hippocampal size |
MRI
Quantitative volumetric morphometry |
Dale A
Hyman B
Fischl B
Kennedy D
|
Accurately indicates absence of disease progression in therapeutic trials - allows markedly reduced subject numbers
|
Neurological
Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Myoinositol N-acetylaspartate (NAA)
|
MRS |
Gonzalez RG
Jenkins B
|
|
Neurological Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Neuritic (senile) plaque |
In vivo multiphoton microscopy |
Hyman B |
Can use histochemical or immuno-fluorescence for amyloid B
|
Neurological Metabolic |
| Alzheimer's disease |
Neuronal injury |
MRI |
Gonzalez RG |
|
Neurological Metabolic
|
| Alzheimer's disease |
Oxygen utilization Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
|
Optical |
Boas D
Dunn A |
Combining of multi-wavelength and laser speckle contrast imaging
|
Neurological Metabolic |
| Amyloid arthropathy / crystalline disease |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory Metabolic |
| Arteriosclerosis / central |
Vascular lumen diameter |
CTA
MRA
Angiography |
Gonzalez R
Hunter G
Lev M
Waltman A
|
|
Metabolic Cardiology / Vascular |
Arteriosclerosis / peripheral
|
Arterial calcification |
CT |
Brady T |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic |
| Arteriosclerosis / peripheral |
Lumen vascular diameter |
CTA MRA Angiography |
Gonzalez R
Hunter G
Lev M
Waltman A
|
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic |
| Bone fracture / healing |
Osseous bridging |
Plain radiographs MRI CT |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Bone fracture / healing |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic
|
| Bone fracture / healing, distraction osteogenesis wounds |
Bone fill score and penetration depth |
US |
O'Neill MJ |
Animal study Bone healing assessed by increased fill and decreased penetration depth
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Brain development |
Oxygen consumption Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
|
Optical Imaging |
Boas D
Dunn A
|
|
Neurological Metabolic |
| Brain function |
Cerebral blood flow (CBF ) |
MRI fMRI PET |
Belliveau
Kwong K
Rosen BR
|
Response to stimuli |
Neurological Metabolic |
| Brain function / neuronal content |
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) Images |
MRI chemical shift Echo-planar imaging (EPI)
|
Gonzalez RG
Jenkins B
Rosen B
|
|
Neurological Metabolic |
| Brain function / drugs of abuse |
rCMRO2 Cerebral blood volume (CBV) |
fMRI |
Jenkins B
Kosofsky B
Mandeville JB
Rosen B
|
Response to stimuli |
Neurological Metabolic |
Brain function / mapping - dopaminergic neurotransmitter activity
|
Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) |
Pharmacologic
MRI
PET
fMRI |
Bogdanov M
Chen YC
Jenkins B
Rosen B
|
Using D-amphetamine and CFT |
Neurological Metabolic |
| Choledo-cholithiasis |
Biliary ductal dilatation |
US
CT
MRI
|
Hahn PF
O'Neill MJ
Mueller P
|
|
Endocrine
Inflammatory
Gastrointestinal
Metabolic
|
| Cholelithiasis |
Gallstones |
US
CT
MRI
|
Hahn P
Mueller P
O'Neill MJ
|
|
Endocrine
Inflammatory
Gastrointestinal
Metabolic
|
| Coronary artery disease |
Arterial calcification |
CT |
Brady T |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
|
| Coronary artery disease |
Myocardial blood flow via 13N-ammonia |
Nuclear medicine SPECT |
Fischman A |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
|
| Coronary artery disease |
Myocardial contractility / function |
MRI
Nuclear Medicine |
Brady T
Fischman A |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
|
| Coronary artery disease |
Myocardial perfusion |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman A |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Metabolic
|
| Diabetes |
Directed molecular probes for beta cell mass |
MRI |
Moore A
Bogdanov A
Weissleder R
|
|
Metabolic Endocrine |
| Myocarditis |
Myocardial function contractility Perfusion / diffusion
|
MRI |
Brady T |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Inflammatory
Infectious disease
Endocrine Metabolic
|
| Myocarditis |
Myocardial function contractility Perfusion / diffusion |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman A |
|
Cardiology / Vascular Inflammatory
Infectious disease
Endocrine Metabolic
|
| Obesity |
Body fat composition |
Quantitative CT MRI US |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Gastrointestinal
|
| Osteopenia |
Bone mineral density |
Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) MRI Quantitaive CT
|
Rosenthal DI |
Must establish bone strength as well as density
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Osteoporosis |
Bone mineral density |
Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) MRI Quantitaive CT
|
Rosenthal DI |
Must establish bone strength as well as density |
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Osteoporosis |
Microarchitecture deterioration |
Digital radiographs 3D microMRI 3D microCT |
Rosenthal DI |
Fine element modeling (FEM) to predict mechanical properties |
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Osteoporosis |
Trabecular pore size |
MRI |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic
|
| Pancreatic function |
Acinar cell receptor binding |
MRI |
Brady TJ
Shen TT
Weissleder R
|
Secretin monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION)
|
Endocrine Metabolic Gastrointestinal |
| Pancreatitis |
Chemotactic peptide uptake |
SPECT |
Fischman AJ |
Via 99mTc labeled peptide analog |
Gastrointestinal Inflammatory
Metabolic Infectious
disease Endocrine
|
| Pancreatitis |
Ductal irregularity or obstruction |
MRI |
Sahani D
Prasad S |
Visualized by MR cholanio-pancreatography
|
Gastrointestinal Inflammatory
Metabolic Infectious
disease Endocrine
|
| Renal Disease |
Decreased regional blood flow Hippuran clearance
|
PET |
Alpert NM
Fischman AJ
|
|
Metabolic Endocrine |
