| Disease / Medical Condition |
Biomarker |
Imaging Technique |
Investigators |
Comments |
Disease Category |
Abscess |
Leukocyte accumulation |
SPECT |
Fischman AJ |
Tc-99m HMPAO improvement over Tl-201 and Ga-67 |
Neurological
Inflammatory
Musculoskeletal
Genitourinary
Infectious disease
Gastrointestinal
|
| AIDS wasting syndrome |
Body fat composition |
CT |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine
Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Infectious disease
Gastrointestinal
|
| AIDS wasting syndrome / lipodystrophy |
Increased abdominal visceral fat associated with decreased bone mineral density
|
Quantitative CT Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Infectious disease
Gastrointestinal
|
| Amyloid arthropathy / crystalline disease |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
Metabolic
|
| Ankle injury |
Ligament tears |
MR arthrography |
Palmer WE |
Predicts sensitivity for ankle impingement syndromes
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Arthritis |
Joint space narrowing |
Plain radiographs |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Arthritis / inflammatory |
Articular cartilage thickness |
Plain radiographs MRI |
Palmer W Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Arthritis / inflammatory |
Increased synovial glucose metabolism |
PET |
Fischman AJ
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Arthritis / inflammatory |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Arthritis / inflammatory |
Synovial thickening |
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Arthritis / rheumatoid |
Articular cartilage thickness |
Plain radiographs
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Arthritis / septic |
Cyst composition / tissue characterization |
PET |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Infectious disease
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Arthritis / septic |
Increased synovial glucose metabolism |
MRI |
Palmer W Rosenthal DI |
|
Infectious disease
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Arthritis / septic |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Arthritis / septic |
Synovial thickening |
Plain radiographs
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Infectious disease
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Bone fracture |
Cortical surface disruption Negative defect
|
Plain radiographs |
Palmer W Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Bone fracture |
Marrow edema Water content |
MRI -T1 Diffusion weighted imaging / Apparent diffusion constant |
Palmer WE |
Impact fractures demonstrate prominent edema, distraction fractures exhibit minimal edema
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Bone fracture / healing |
Osseous bridging |
Plain radiographs
MRI
CT
|
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Bone fracture / healing |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal
Metabolic
|
| Bone fracture / healing, distraction osteogenesis wounds |
Bone fill score and penetration depth |
US |
O'Neill MJ |
Animal study Bone healing assessed by increased fill and decreased penetration depth
|
Musculoskeletal
Metabolic
|
| Cartilage abnormalities |
Articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness
|
MRI |
Palmer WE |
MR using fat-suppressed SPGR images |
Musculoskeletal |
| Dyskinesia (PNKD) |
Dopa decarboxylase activity
|
PET |
Fischman A |
|
Neurological Musculoskeletal |
| Elbow injury / collateral ligament |
Partial thickness and full thickness tears
|
MR arthrography |
Palmer WE |
Distinguishes thickness of tears |
Musculoskeletal |
| Ganglion cyst |
Cyst composition / tissue characterization
|
US
CT
MRI
|
Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Joint injury / general |
Osteochondral lesions |
MR arthrography |
Palmer WE |
Assesses the stability of lesions
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Joint injury / hip and knee |
Spatial cartilage thickness Articular cartilage volume |
Co-planar MRI |
Palmer WE
Rosenberg AE
Rosenthal DI
|
MR using fat-saturated 3D spoiled gradient-echo images (SPGR)
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Change in local tissue density or contrast enhancement |
CT MRI |
Palmer WE
Rosenthal DI |
Mutlicenter Trail with 367 patients - CT and MRI equally reliable for diagnosis
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm |
| Neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Local uptake of specific tumor avid radiotracers |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Obesity |
Body fat composition |
Quantitative CT MRI US |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Endocrine Metabolic
Musculoskeletal
Gastrointestinal
|
| Osseous neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Glucose metabolism |
PET |
Fischman A |
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Osseous neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman A |
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Osseous neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Tissue characterization |
CT MRI |
Rosenthal D |
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Osteoarthritis |
Articular cartilage thickness |
Plain radiographs MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Osteoarthritis |
Cartilage thickness Fibrillations Fibrosis
|
Intra-articular Optical coherence topography |
Palmer WE |
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Osteoarthritis |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Osteoarticular allograft imaging |
Increasing periosteal and endosteal enhancement |
MRI |
Palmer WE
Rosenthal DI
|
3-4 months post allograft / represents vascular ingrowth and early skeletal repair
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Osteomyelitis |
Leukocyte accumulation |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal
Infectious disease
|
| Osteomyelytis |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
Uptake of bone-seeking radio-pharmaceuticals
|
Musculoskeletal Infectious disease
|
| Osteopenia |
Bone mineral density |
Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) MRI Quantitative CT
|
Rosenthal DI |
Must establish bone strength as well as density
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Osteoporosis |
Bone mineral density |
Plain radiographs Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) MRI Quantitative CT
|
Rosenthal DI |
Must establish bone strength as well as density |
Musculoskeletal |
| Osteoporosis |
Micro-architecture deterioration |
Digital radiographs 3D microMRI 3D microCT |
Rosenthal DI |
Fine element modeling (FEM) to predict mechanical properties
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic |
| Osteoporosis |
Trabecular pore size |
MRI |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal Metabolic
|
| Pain |
Cortical activity |
fMRI PET SPECT MEG |
Fischman A
Halgren E
Rosen B
Sorensen AG
Stuffelbeam SM
|
|
Neurological Musculoskeletal |
| Pigmented villonodular synovitis |
Increased synovial glucose metabolism |
PET |
Fischman AJ
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Pigmented villonodular synovitis |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Pigmented villonodular synovitis |
Synovial thickening |
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Rotator cuff injury |
Distribution and leakage of intra-articular administered contrast media
|
MR arthrography |
Palmer WE |
Distinguishes full from partial thickness tears |
Musculoskeletal |
| Simple renal cysts |
Cyst composition / tissue characterization Soft tissue inflammation
|
US CT MRI |
Mueller PR |
|
Oncology / Neoplasm Genitourinary Musculoskeletal |
| Skeletal muscle injury and repair |
Musculoskeletal blood flow |
PET |
Alpert NM Fischman AJ |
Animal study Use of H2(15)O to study muscle metabolism
|
Musculoskeletal |
| SLAP lesions of the shoulder |
Articular labrum fraying |
MR arthrography |
Bencardino JT
Palmer WE
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| SLAP lesions of the shoulder |
Bicep anchor avulsion |
MR arthrography |
Bencardino JT
Palmer WE
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Soft tissue infection |
Leukocyte accumulation |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Soft tissue infection |
Osteoblastic activity |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Infectious disease
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Soft tissue infection |
Soft tissue inflammation |
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Soft tissue neoplasm / primary and secondary |
Glucose metabolism |
PET |
Fischman AJ |
Non-specific marker with wide variety of applications
|
Oncology / Neoplasm Musculoskeletal |
| Synovial cell sarcoma |
Cystic architecture / tissue characterization |
US CT MRI |
Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Synovial chondromatosis |
Periarticular erosion |
Plain radiographs MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal
Oncology / Neoplasm
|
| Synovial cyst |
Cystic architecture / tissue characterization
|
US CT MRI |
Palmer W Rosenthal DI |
|
Musculoskeletal |
| Trauma |
Edema / change in signal intensity and apparent diffusion constant
|
MRI Diffusion weighted imaging
|
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory |
| Trauma |
Soft tissue inflammation |
MRI |
Palmer W
Rosenthal DI
|
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
|
| Trauma |
Soft tissue inflammation |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal
Inflammatory
|
| Trauma |
Soft tissue uptake of radiotracers |
Nuclear medicine |
Fischman AJ |
|
Musculoskeletal Inflammatory
|
